How to Use Pre-Writing Strategies to Explore Your Topic For Writing an Article

Pre-writing is the first and the most important stage in the writing process. It is like a warm up exercise. Using pre-writing strategies will help you organize your thoughts and write them down in order.

You need a topic to begin with. Without a topic you are going nowhere. The best place to search for a topic is to ask yourself: What I like the most and what are my interests? What do I know about this topic and what do I want to write in my article? Once you have a topic, the next step is to use the pre-writing strategies.

There are four pre-writing strategies. 

1. Free-writing and/or listing.
2. Discussing
3. Mapping
4. Research and

Free-writing is a strategy used to collect your first thoughts. The important process in free-writing is to write without stopping, checking for grammar mistakes, neither erasing out any words nor tracing back your thoughts. Write for five to ten minutes or until you have a whole paragraph. However in free-writing, the author's thoughts are allowed to wander.

Listing is strategy that is used to collect and list all the ideas that an author can possible think of writing in an article. In listing, the idea to write down in points without stopping for five to ten minutes similar to freewriting.

Discussing a topic with another individual or a group will help you in your writing because the possibilities of pros and cons, the explanation and justification are tremendous. Have a note book and a pen and take notes as you discuss.

Mapping gives a visual understanding of the pre-writing process. Which do you think is easier, taking directions from a person or looking and reading directions from a map? Obviously the answer is reading directions from a map. Those you like visuals will find mapping easier to understand. In mapping, write down your topic in the center, circle it and ask these questions  What I like the most and what are my interests? What do I know about this topic and what do I want to write in my article? Circle and answer each question again.

Research a topic for more information. The research process is to investigate and discover new thoughts, facts and developments. This process is very important as it adds more color and flavor to your article. The best place to find information is the internet, and libraries.

Without using pre-writing strategies, you will not know what to and where to begin. By following the strategies you will see a big difference in the way you write an article.

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Research Paper Topics - Things That Make You 'Think' A While

Before starting work on a research paper, two things must be clearly formulated; firstly, one should possess a thesis and a questionnaire that fits the subject in consideration alongside a basic outline of the format of the paper on what needs to be said at each specific zone of the paper.

Drafting should be the least time-consuming and yet the most important step in the composing of a research paper. The draft need not be of polished language and could be composed using shorthand writing methods or other rough measures.

It is meant to make the task at hand easier and straightforward for the composer and need not be a part of the original finished output. Indeed, a draft is only intended to drive home the focal point of the paper to the writer himself, thus making the job substantially easier.

While finalizing the first draft, two common problems are generally faced...

1. You suffer from absolute clueless ness about the topic in hand (showing that you are dealing with something out of your league for the moment and much hard work is needed) or.

2. Most commonly you take too long to revise and rework your draft...

The solution to the second problem lies in your perspective: the draft is just to help you get your focus right and doesn't need to be an impressive piece of work in itself,

3. A major problem that most students face while composing their draft is procrastination (the tendency to put things off for a later period). Students afraid of the slowness and imperfection of their draft usually fall prey to this tendency and depend on pressure to become their biggest motivator.

You may read all the points in detail at: How to Write a Research Paper

As a result students hand in their first-draft as final papers without revision leading to inferior output. Try the following:

a)Try pretending its your final exam...follow your outline and set a timer, make sure a friend or relative watches over so that you do not cheat the watch.

b) Setting small, time bound goals which ensure that you get this part of work done in this amount of time: automatically the pressure factor sets in.

c)Imagining that you are required to present a speech on the topic at hand and need to finalize the main points in 10 minutes...

It ultimately boils down to the creation of pressure that makes one motivated to get their drafts ready on time.

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The Concepts of Development for the Argumentative Research Paper and the Analytical Research Papers

Writing a research paper is significantly different from creating a personal essay. This is due to the extensive research the author must engage in to complete these papers. Research papers serve as the writer's ideas and opinions intertwined with facts and theories from credible sources. The way in which the paper is presented makes it fall into two separate categories: Analytical or Argumentative. The two can be easily distinguished from one another. Read below to find out how both methods are applied to research papers.

The Analytical Approach to Research Papers

Analytical research papers require the writer to have thoroughly explored the topic being covered. The goal is to provide expert knowledge in a way that is broken down into the writer's own words. With an analytical approach to writing, the writer answers the research question objectively by coming into the project with no pre-conceived opinions about the subject.

Once the writer becomes familiar with the topic they are able to piece together their findings that best represent the purpose of the paper. Put simply, an analytical research paper combines serious contemplation with a critical evaluations of the question.

The Argumentative Approach to Research Papers

Argumentative research papers are also known as persuasive papers. Besides presenting ideas which have undergone much critical thinking, the writer takes one side of an argument and uses it to form a thesis. The thesis is essentially a statement proposing one side of an argument that the writer feels should be taken into consideration.

What separates the argumentative approach from the analytical is the writer's stance which demonstrates being in favor of one side of an argument. Facts and credible resources are then used in order to compliment the writer's position. The point of writing an argumentative research paper is to convince the reader to side with the writer by using reliable sources and making valid arguments.

The main difference between the two types of writing is that the argumentative research paper is an attempt to convince your readers of the validity of a certain view you hold of a subject, while the analytical research paper is an attempt to use your research to give an objective snapshot of what is known about the subject.

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Implementing Prewriting Strategies Will Benefit Your Academic Experience

The first four years of college are filled with writing - writing paragraphs, class notes, research notes, papers, essays. This is why it is imperative that students enter post-secondary education armed with practical writing strategies to help them produce effective college papers. Prewriting can be a powerful strategy to help students become effectual writers. One of the foundational elements of it is Exploring.

Prewriting has three parts: choosing a topic, exploring a topic, and organizing/planning the writing. So, after you have chosen a topic to write about, you should take some time to explore information, facts, and details that will help you elaborate on your topic. Exploring allows you to utilize different strategies to come up with varied and diverse pieces of information to write an excellent paper. This is a good strategy when you are writing complex and lengthy papers like research papers and analytical papers that compare and contrast subjects.

Brainstorming is an exploring strategy. Many times, students will be assigned to work in teams to create a comprehensive presentation, which can include a written paper and/or an oral presentation. Consequently, students explore by working in unison, discovering ideas, topics, and ways to gather supporting information. Or, you can brainstorm independently by making a list of topics and then sub-lists with supporting details for each one.

People are a great source of exploring. Interview people who are familiar with the topic(s) you have selected. Treat the exploration activity as an interview. Have specific questions prewritten so that you walk away with an overall view of your area of interest. Be sure to collect information on how to research the topic further.

Exploring can include taking mini quizzes. Choose several topics and then take a quiz, asking the questions who, what, when, where, why, and how? This is a great exploratory strategy when you are at the preliminary stage of narrowing down your topics. If you can answers the standard questions with information that can be easily expanded upon, you have a viable topic to consider.

Free-writing is a creative form of exploring. This exploring activity allows you to free yourself from barriers and inhibitions, and it gets you in the habit of thinking and writing. So in relation to exploring topics, use free-writing to write about what you already know about a particular topic, and even more importantly, what you want to learn about the topic. This will help determine which direction to move in when you start your research.

Writers are typically visual learners, so exploring through pictures, drawings, and charts can actually stimulate the mind and generate ideas and concepts. Let's say you wanted to write about the Grand Canyon. One way of exploring it would be get a picture book that includes several photos of the natural masterpiece and view them, all the while making notes of ideas and different ways in which you could write about the topic.

Incoming college students should take care to prepare for the tremendous amount of writing they will be subjected to during their four years. Those enrolled in online Bachelors programs will still be subjected to the same amount of writing. If you decide to earn an online Masters, be prepared for even more writing. Students can avail themselves to whichever writing strategies help them become better writers. Prewriting and exploring may be one way to help develop your writing skills.

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Research Paper Template - Tips and Tricks!

Research references, bibliographies and indexes should be done concisely and logically so that a single flick of a finger is enough to reach references that readers are searching for. You may miss out a one or two references as that's just human but when you are using a term paper model there are very few chances that something like that can happen. Most colleges and schools provide students with the term paper printing models so that you can get your research paper in a set format which is easily accessible by any one and readable on any computer too.

For example, there are four common formatting styles which are used to write papers and they are: MLA format, APA format, CBE format, and Chicago format. Each will have its own fonts, borders, headers, footers, introduction, a first page, index, and a bibliography page according to how professors want it or how your citation style is written. All you have to do with the outline is to add your written work in to the already formatted outline to have the perfectly written research paper.

Most of the time separate formats are used for different fields of research. For example if you going to use study references for your science and humanities research papers, you will need an outline from the APA format of writing. These outlines are used to help you in the perfect formatting for in-text citations and referencing. All you have to do is collect your written work and insert in where the outline tells you do so. The other outline format which is very popular is the MLA format. Most professors like the MLA format as it is used to write financial and natural science study papers. Check to see how your outline has the MLA format arranged and then just insert your written work in the spaces provided for it.

CBE and Chicago formats are not very commonly used but ask your professors to find which one they like. A few tips to get your use of formatting outlines properly are-
1. You will find ready to use formatting outlines on the websites of different universities like the University of California English Department Etc.

2. You can use the formats or even the formatted word docs. The formatted word docs are easier to use.

3. The research paper templates are designed to automatically set the parameters for different citation styles. You can also have the margins ready set according to what your professor wants, pagination system in top right corner, and select your pre-defined paragraph as well as heading styles. The different styles can be selected from the toolbars assigned to the template you have picked.

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How to Write Analytical or Argumentative Research Papers

Research papers can be easily differentiated from personal essays on the basis of the extensive research that is executed before the writing of such papers. Research papers thus act as that creative output in which the writers' personal thoughts and opinions are merged with theories from already established sources.

However, the technique used in the presentation of the paper may make it fall under two broad categories: 1. Analytical, 2. Argumentative, in fact the strategy used by the writer to compose his paper will eventually determine the aim and purpose of the paper.

A detailed discussion of these two methods will clarify the concepts presented above:

1. Analytical Papers

In an analytical research paper, the aim is to attain a thorough expertise of the concept that is being presented so that it can be broken down and represented from the writers' point of view.

In this form of the research paper, an individual approaches the research question without any pre-conceived notions and ideas about the subject at hand. Thereafter a careful survey of the opinions and views is undertaken. Ultimately when familiarity with the topic is achieved; a person is able to restructure and relocate the concepts that underlie the basic topic in his paper; the very essence of an analytical paper; critical contemplation and evaluation of the question at hand is necessary for an analytical paper.

2. Argumentative Papers

This type of a paper may also be termed a persuasive paper. Aside from critical thinking which is essential for the production of a quality paper, another familiar concept that dominates academic circles is the concept of an argument.

You may wish to read more at: Writing a Thesis

The basic difference from the former kind that qualifies the persuasive kind is that the paper takes a conscious stance and argues in favor of one of the arguments with cogent facts and points presented in its favor. The aim is to mould the reader's mind in favor of one possible answer to the research question backed by reliable data and arguments.

To conclude; both approaches require logical thinking and smart evaluation alongside comprehensive research of the available sources. However the difference is created through the process of writing, analytical papers provide a more balanced approach where all views pertaining to the question are presented whereas argumentative papers debate in favor of one logical solution above the others.

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Custom Writing Services: Market Overview

Market identification

Custom writing services market is a sector of the e-commerce industry. Custom writing services are fee-based.

Market size

The precise size of custom writing services market is unknown, though some rough estimate could be made. The number of competitors in the market approaches nearly 200. It is also known that around 30 percent of organizations in the industry have annual turnover amounting to $120,000 approximately, whereas other 70 percent have almost twice as low annual turnover. Total market size is estimated at $10,800,000 annually. The size of the market in relation to the economy is yet unknown.

Segmentation

Segmentation is the process of allocation of particular homogeneous sub-markets within a heterogeneous market. A market is a multitude of sub-markets that have similar motivations.

In the case with the market concerned, segmentation is interpreted as follows. Companies that operate within the market could be divided in accordance to specialization differences into such categories: (a) generally-oriented companies; (b) particularly-oriented companies. Generally-oriented companies are those that produce custom-written papers on a wide variety of topics. As a rule, such organizations hire writers representing different specialties or simply those able to perform on appropriate level in one or several fields. Companies ascribed to another organizational category usually operate within a narrower framework. In the market there are companies that offer custom-written papers exclusively on math, physics, sociology, the African-Americans, William Shakespeare, Charlotte Bronte, etc.

Other products and services offered by the industry representatives include proofreading and editing services, and pre-written papers.

It is noteworthy that there are companies in the market that offer both custom-written and pre-written papers. This, however, may have nothing to do with violation of ethics, but what about privacy of those students who previously ordered a custom-written paper, which might have been later re-sold to another student?

Growth speed

Growth rates of the market are varying over the time. Thus, in 2000 there were nearly 25-30 companies offering custom-written/pre-written essays, term papers, cases studies, and other types of research papers. Over the 5-year period the number of companies in the market grew up to nearly two hundreds.

The leap in growth rates of the market is noticed to take place in 2003-2004 when sudden change in pricing occurred. The number of companies in the market increased almost 30 percent and now estimates around 80 companies. This leap was probably caused by the tendency towards ecommerce solutions being new to hoards of entrepreneurs in a number of developing countries like India, Ukraine, Poland and other countries. Companies headquartered in these countries began offering similar services but with lower fees as compared to those located in the U.S., Canada, or Australia. More on pricing policies see in Pricing.

Today, market's growth speed is rather low as the market is full-fledged due to a variety of services offered by market participants.

Geographical distribution of services

It is worth mentioning that the researched market is a subdivision of ecommerce industry. This gives ground to conclude that either products or services produced by industry's parties are of intangible character rather than of tangible. This especially concerns custom writing services market, which offers its customers intangible products delivered to them mostly via email.

It should be clear that no matter where a company holds its general/backup office, it operates worldwide.

The only principle that regulates geographical distribution of custom-written papers is linguistic attachment. Among major countries using the service are: the United States of America, Canada, Australia, Great Britain, and some European and Asian countries.

Seasonal character of the market

Another aspect of the market is its seasonality. Seasonal character of the examined market is sharply defined. As services offered by the market participants are oriented at student needs throughout the academic year only, the season of active sales almost coincides with the academic year. The first half of September - usually passive - is compensated with several weeks in June.

Such seasonality of the market explains its instability of prices. It was noticed that prices for services increase throughout the year with peaks in December - January and April - May; and drop dramatically during the summer season.

Customers/Clients

Customers of online services such as custom writing services are usually students of high schools, colleges, and Universities, of 16 to 25 years old. As pricing in the market is relatively low, target group of the market covers the so-called middle class and higher. A research shows that in 2005 from 14 percent to 23 percent of students (considering seasonality correction) have in due time applied to custom writing services (IAS, 2005). In other words, one-seventh to one-fourth of students has bought at least one paper during 2004-2005 academic years. The same research provides data that gives ground to conclude about the growth of the market. It is declared that in 2003 peak rate of students who applied to the service at least once was 25 percent, whereas in 2005 it is estimated to reach 36 percent (IAS, 2005).

Customer loyalty

Customer loyalty is obviously a behavior demonstrated by frequent or systematic purchases of a company's product or service. Customer loyalty could be achieved through customer-friendly pricing policies, various discount programs, incentive plans etc. Customer loyalty is also an aspect of a company's customer retention or loyalty programs.

Customer retention programs are usually complex systems that include two or more elements listed above. As regards the market of custom writing services, the following was noticed in the course of the research held by the author: (a) more than 80 percent of the market uses basic techniques in acquiring customer loyalty such as permanently variable prices that depend on demand for the product or service throughout the year, bonus plans (such as bonus key that allows up to 4 percent reduction), and other techniques; and (b) nearly 10 percent of companies within the market use complex customer loyalty programs such as flexible discounts (sometimes up to 30 percent!) in a combination with weekly feedback bonuses, personal selection of a writer, order status check, 24/7 customer care, and other modes of customer attraction.

Factors that influence buyer's choice

Among factors that have impact on customers' choice in the market of custom writing services are price, quality of products and services (including exclusiveness, professionalism, and compliance with the requirements), and delivery time.

As to price and quality of a specific service, these two factors are the most important. It is vital for companies to balance between price and quality values since optimum correlation between these two categories benefits both a service provider and a customer. It is worth mentioning that there are companies that offer papers written by Ph.D.s for "as low as $8.95 per page". Quality of a paper is directly related to its price and vice versa.

In respect of the delivery time, many companies offer urgent order accomplishment within 12 (and sometimes even 8) hours. Some of them limit the volume of an order to certain number of pages, though there are some companies that accept urgent orders without volume limitation.

Pricing

Custom writing services market has been experiencing a decline in prices lately. As it was mentioned earlier in this research, there had been fall in prices in 2003-2004 caused by sudden increase in market's growth rates. By far, average fees are kept at the level of $15 per page for regular (5+ days) orders, $20 per page for urgent (24 to 48h) orders, and $30 a page for extremely urgent orders (within 24h).

There are companies offering custom-written papers half price as compared to average pricing. This fact may indicate that a company either hires instant workers from developing countries or is new to the market and provides such a low pricing policy in order to enter the full market and gain certain status.

Principles of operation

Principles of operation are the same throughout the industry. Intangible nature of products produced by competitors in the market implies single system of relationships between a company and a customer irrespective of an organization's capacities.

Companies that offer custom-written papers (essays, term papers, case studies, literature reviews, executive summaries, dissertations) operate through their websites. Websites are supplied with all necessary and optional features such as credit card processing system (necessary), online customer service (optional), and auto-responder to provide existing customers with automated thank yous and newsletters, and other features.
A customer places an order, which is then forwarded to a writer. This step is omitted in small companies where two or three people wear several hats, e.g. one person could perform as an administrator, a writer, and a customer service representative. If there ARE a couple of writers working for a company, one of them accomplishes an order, which is then delivered to the customer via email.

It is worth noting that major attention is paid to a company's website. It is common for a company producing custom-written papers to have as many webmasters as writers.


Competitors and leaders

As mentioned above, the number of competitors in the market estimates nearly 200. Leadership in the market where companies offer custom-written papers of any kind is defined exclusively due to a company's website's ranking in various search engines. The most powerful search engines are Google, MSN, Yahoo!, Altavista, and Alltheweb. Moreover, websites are ranked in accordance to their content oriented at different key words. Thus, different websites could be leaders in the same search engine, though for different keywords or phrases.

Regulations

Being a subdivision of the ecommerce industry, custom writing services market is regulated by nothing but several codes like BBB Online that refer to web entrepreneurs. In general, ecommerce industry is poorly regulated.

Current trends within the industry and market success factors

Among current trends in the market particularly three aspects are worth mentioning: (a) constant fall in price; (b) constant increase in the number of competitors; and (c) diversification of services offered by companies.
Constant increase in the number of competitors is obviously caused by simplicity of operations and growing number of freelance writers who once decided to start out their own business.

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